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人事・労務の手引き

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2006年10月23日
人事・労務に関する『時効』

◆◇◆人事・労務における時効◆◇◆
人事・労務に関する時効というと、代表的なものとしては賃金等に関するものがあります。最近では労働基準監督署がサービス残業、長時間労働などの問題点について勧告や指導を強めているという傾向があり、この調査を発端として多額の未払い残業代が発覚し、会社側に支払いが言い渡されるケースもあります(下記の判例参照)。この場合、賃金(未払い残業代)をいつまで遡って支払うのかという問題が生じます。
こういったトラブルに対しては、時効を意識しておかないと誤った管理や運用をしてしまい、更なるトラブルに発展しかねない可能性もあります。

◆◇◆残業代未払いに関する判例◆◇◆
・サービス残業代30億支払い
人材派遣スタッフサービス 幹部ら数人、書類送検へ 大阪労働局

人材派遣会社最大手「スタッフサービス」(グループ本部・東京)が、サービス残業をさせた全国の社員と退職者計約4,000人に対し、過去2年間にさかのぼって総額約30億円の未払い残業代を支払うこととなった。
大阪労働局は同社が組織的にサービス残業をさせた疑いが強まったとして、労働基準法違反(割増賃金不払いなど)の疑いで、持ち株会社「スタッフサービス・ホールディングス」(東京)を家宅捜索。岡野保次郎会長と中山堯社長から数回にわたり事情を聴き、同容疑で法人としてのスタッフサービスと幹部数人を書類送検した。
関係者によると、スタッフサービスの就業規則では労働時間は午前9時から午後5時半までと定められているが、大阪本社で労働時間が実質的に13時間を超え、土曜、日曜の出勤も恒常化するなど全国で長時間労働とサービス残業が行われていたという。
大阪本社は2002年4月から2004年3月までの未払い残業代として、退職者約 230人を含む約400人に計約3億円を支給。スタッフサービスは今後、全国の事業所でサービス残業の実態を調査し、確認できた分から支払うという。
2003年に自殺した大阪本社の元副支店長の男性=当時(32)=の遺族が 2004年4月、「自殺は長時間労働を強いられたため」として、労基法違反の疑いで、スタッフサービスとスタッフサービス・ホールディングスを天満労働基準監督署(大阪市)に告発。大阪労働局が同年5月に東京のグループ本部など3カ所を家宅捜索するなどして勤務実態を調べていた。


◆◇◆労働基準法115条◆◇◆
労働基準法115条において、「この法律の規定による賃金(退職手当を除く。)、災害補償その他の請求権は2年間、この法律の規定による退職手当の請求権は5年間行わない場合においては、時効によつて消滅する」との定めがあります。
つまり、「賃金請求権」、「災害補償請求権」、「その他の請求権」については2年間の消滅時効、「退職手当請求権」については5年間の消滅時効となります。
なお、健康保険や厚生年金等に関連する事項に関しては、各々の法律に定める時効に従うこととなります。

◆◇◆各請求権に関して◆◇◆
・賃金請求権
そもそも賃金とは、労基法により「賃金、給料、手当、賞与その他名称の如何を問わず、労働の対償として使用者が労働者に支払うすべてのものをいう」とされています。
つまりは月給や時給などのように定期的に支払われるものに限らず、時間外・休日労働に対する割増賃金や、有給休暇中の賃金も含まれます。

・災害補償請求権
労基法においては、災害補償として療養補償や休業補償などが定められており、これらの消滅時効は2年間とされています。
ただし、災害補償は実際には労災保険法によって処理されることがほとんどです。
労災保険法における消滅時効期間は、療養(補償)給付・休業(補償)給付は2年間、障害(補償)給付・遺族(補償)給付は5年間となっています。

・退職手当請求権
就業規則や労働協約、労働契約等により支給条件があらかじめ明確に規定されたものについては、労働の対償として支払われたものに該当し、5年間の消滅時効にかかります。

投稿者:人事部 | カテゴリ:

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